Class basic_registry

Synopsis

#include <src/entt/entity/registry.hpp>

template<typename Entity>
class basic_registry

Description

Fast and reliable entity-component system.

The registry is the core class of the entity-component framework.
It stores entities and arranges pools of components on a per request basis. By means of a registry, users can manage entities and components, then create views or groups to iterate them.

Template Parameters:

Entity - A valid entity type (see entt_traits for more details).

Mentioned in

• Entity Component System / The Registry, the Entity and the Component

Methods

	basic_registry	Default constructor.
	alive	Returns the number of entities still in use.
	any	Checks if an entity has at least one of the given components.
	assign	Assigns entities to an empty registry.
	capacity	Returns the capacity of the pool for the given component.
	clear	Clears a whole registry or the pools for the given components.
	create	Creates a new entity and returns it.
	ctx	Returns a reference to an object in the context of the registry.
	ctx_or_set	Binds an object to the context of the registry.
	current	Returns the actual version for an entity identifier.
	data	Direct access to the list of entities of a given pool.
	destroy	Destroys an entity.
	each	Iterates all the entities that are still in use.
	emplace	Assigns the given component to an entity.
	emplace_or_replace	Assigns or replaces the given component for an entity.
	empty	Checks whether the registry or the pools of the given components are empty.
	entity	Returns the entity identifier without the version.
	get	Returns references to the given components for an entity.
	get_or_emplace	Returns a reference to the given component for an entity.
	group	Returns a group for the given components.
	has	Checks if an entity has all the given components.
	insert	Assigns each entity in a range the given component.
	on_construct	Returns a sink object for the given component.
	on_destroy	Returns a sink object for the given component.
	on_update	Returns a sink object for the given component.
	operator=	Default move assignment operator.
	orphan	Checks if an entity has components assigned.
	orphans	Iterates orphans and applies them the given function object.
	patch	Patches the given component for an entity.
	prepare	Prepares a pool for the given type if required.
	raw	Direct access to the list of components of a given pool.
	remove	Removes the given components from an entity.
	remove_all	Removes all the components from an entity and makes it orphaned.
	remove_if_exists	Removes the given components from an entity.
	replace	Replaces the given component for an entity.
	reserve	Increases the capacity of the registry or of the pools for the given components.
	runtime_view	Returns a runtime view for the given components.
	set	Binds an object to the context of the registry.
	shrink_to_fit	Requests the removal of unused capacity for the given components.
	size	Returns the number of existing components of the given type.
	sort	Sorts the pool of entities for the given component.
	sortable	Checks whether the given components belong to any group.
	try_ctx	Returns a pointer to an object in the context of the registry.
	try_get	Returns pointers to the given components for an entity.
	unset	Unsets a context variable if it exists.
	valid	Checks if an entity identifier refers to a valid entity.
	version	Returns the version stored along with an entity identifier.
	view	Returns a view for the given components.
	visit	Visits an entity and returns the types for its components.

Source

Lines 41-1639 in src/entt/entity/registry.hpp.

template<typename Entity>
class basic_registry {
    using traits_type = entt_traits<Entity>;

    struct pool_data {
        id_type type_id{};
        std::unique_ptr<sparse_set<Entity>> pool{};
        void(* erase)(sparse_set<Entity> &, basic_registry &, const Entity);
    };

    template<typename...>
    struct group_handler;

    template<typename... Exclude, typename... Get, typename... Owned>
    struct group_handler<exclude_t<Exclude...>, get_t<Get...>, Owned...> {
        static_assert(std::conjunction_v<std::is_same<Owned, std::decay_t<Owned>>..., std::is_same<Get, std::decay_t<Get>>..., std::is_same<Exclude, std::decay_t<Exclude>>...>, "One or more component types are invalid");
        std::conditional_t<sizeof...(Owned) == 0, sparse_set<Entity>, std::size_t> current{};

        template<typename Component>
        void maybe_valid_if(basic_registry &owner, const Entity entt) {
            [[maybe_unused]] const auto cpools = std::forward_as_tuple(owner.assure<Owned>()...);

            const auto is_valid = ((std::is_same_v<Component, Owned> || std::get<pool_t<Entity, Owned> &>(cpools).contains(entt)) && ...)
                    && ((std::is_same_v<Component, Get> || owner.assure<Get>().contains(entt)) && ...)
                    && ((std::is_same_v<Component, Exclude> || !owner.assure<Exclude>().contains(entt)) && ...);

            if constexpr(sizeof...(Owned) == 0) {
                if(is_valid && !current.contains(entt)) {
                    current.emplace(entt);
                }
            } else {
                if(is_valid && !(std::get<0>(cpools).index(entt) < current)) {
                    const auto pos = current++;
                    (std::get<pool_t<Entity, Owned> &>(cpools).swap(std::get<pool_t<Entity, Owned> &>(cpools).data()[pos], entt), ...);
                }
            }
        }

        void discard_if([[maybe_unused]] basic_registry &owner, const Entity entt) {
            if constexpr(sizeof...(Owned) == 0) {
                if(current.contains(entt)) {
                    current.erase(entt);
                }
            } else {
                if(const auto cpools = std::forward_as_tuple(owner.assure<Owned>()...); std::get<0>(cpools).contains(entt) && (std::get<0>(cpools).index(entt) < current)) {
                    const auto pos = --current;
                    (std::get<pool_t<Entity, Owned> &>(cpools).swap(std::get<pool_t<Entity, Owned> &>(cpools).data()[pos], entt), ...);
                }
            }
        }
    };

    struct group_data {
        std::size_t size;
        std::unique_ptr<void, void(*)(void *)> group;
        bool (* owned)(const id_type) ENTT_NOEXCEPT;
        bool (* get)(const id_type) ENTT_NOEXCEPT;
        bool (* exclude)(const id_type) ENTT_NOEXCEPT;
    };

    struct variable_data {
        id_type type_id;
        std::unique_ptr<void, void(*)(void *)> value;
    };

    template<typename Component>
    [[nodiscard]] const pool_t<Entity, Component> & assure() const {
        const sparse_set<entity_type> *curr;

        if constexpr(ENTT_FAST_PATH(has_type_index_v<Component>)) {
            const auto index = type_index<Component>::value();

            if(!(index < pools.size())) {
                pools.resize(size_type(index+1u));
            }

            if(auto &&pdata = pools[index]; !pdata.pool) {
                pdata.type_id = type_info<Component>::id();
                pdata.pool.reset(new pool_t<Entity, Component>{});
                pdata.erase = +[](sparse_set<Entity> &cpool, basic_registry &owner, const Entity entt) {
                    static_cast<pool_t<Entity, Component> &>(cpool).erase(owner, entt);
                };
            }

            curr = pools[index].pool.get();
        } else {
            if(const auto it = std::find_if(pools.cbegin(), pools.cend(), [id = type_info<Component>::id()](const auto &pdata) { return id == pdata.type_id; }); it == pools.cend()) {
                curr = pools.emplace_back(pool_data{
                    type_info<Component>::id(),
                    std::unique_ptr<sparse_set<entity_type>>{new pool_t<Entity, Component>{}},
                    +[](sparse_set<Entity> &cpool, basic_registry &owner, const Entity entt) {
                        static_cast<pool_t<Entity, Component> &>(cpool).erase(owner, entt);
                    }
                }).pool.get();
            } else {
                curr = it->pool.get();
            }
        }

        return *static_cast<const pool_t<Entity, Component> *>(curr);
    }

    template<typename Component>
    [[nodiscard]] pool_t<Entity, Component> & assure() {
        return const_cast<pool_t<Entity, Component> &>(std::as_const(*this).template assure<Component>());
    }

    Entity generate_identifier() {
        // traits_type::entity_mask is reserved to allow for null identifiers
        ENTT_ASSERT(static_cast<typename traits_type::entity_type>(entities.size()) < traits_type::entity_mask);
        return entities.emplace_back(entity_type{static_cast<typename traits_type::entity_type>(entities.size())});
    }

    Entity recycle_identifier() {
        ENTT_ASSERT(destroyed != null);
        const auto curr = to_integral(destroyed);
        const auto version = to_integral(entities[curr]) & (traits_type::version_mask << traits_type::entity_shift);
        destroyed = entity_type{to_integral(entities[curr]) & traits_type::entity_mask};
        return entities[curr] = entity_type{curr | version};
    }

public:
    /*! @brief Underlying entity identifier. */
    using entity_type = Entity;
    /*! @brief Underlying version type. */
    using version_type = typename traits_type::version_type;
    /*! @brief Unsigned integer type. */
    using size_type = std::size_t;

    /*! @brief Default constructor. */
    basic_registry() = default;

    /*! @brief Default move constructor. */
    basic_registry(basic_registry &&) = default;

    /*! @brief Default move assignment operator. @return This registry. */
    basic_registry & operator=(basic_registry &&) = default;

    /**
     * @brief Prepares a pool for the given type if required.
     * @tparam Component Type of component for which to prepare a pool.
     */
    template<typename Component>
    void prepare() {
        // suppress the warning due to the [[nodiscard]] attribute
        static_cast<void>(assure<Component>());
    }

    /**
     * @brief Returns the number of existing components of the given type.
     * @tparam Component Type of component of which to return the size.
     * @return Number of existing components of the given type.
     */
    template<typename Component>
    [[nodiscard]] size_type size() const {
        return assure<Component>().size();
    }

    /**
     * @brief Returns the number of entities created so far.
     * @return Number of entities created so far.
     */
    [[nodiscard]] size_type size() const ENTT_NOEXCEPT {
        return entities.size();
    }

    /**
     * @brief Returns the number of entities still in use.
     * @return Number of entities still in use.
     */
    [[nodiscard]] size_type alive() const {
        auto sz = entities.size();
        auto curr = destroyed;

        for(; curr != null; --sz) {
            curr = entities[to_integral(curr) & traits_type::entity_mask];
        }

        return sz;
    }

    /**
     * @brief Increases the capacity of the registry or of the pools for the
     * given components.
     *
     * If no components are specified, the capacity of the registry is
     * increased, that is the number of entities it contains. Otherwise the
     * capacity of the pools for the given components is increased.<br/>
     * In both cases, if the new capacity is greater than the current capacity,
     * new storage is allocated, otherwise the method does nothing.
     *
     * @tparam Component Types of components for which to reserve storage.
     * @param cap Desired capacity.
     */
    template<typename... Component>
    void reserve(const size_type cap) {
        if constexpr(sizeof...(Component) == 0) {
            entities.reserve(cap);
        } else {
            (assure<Component>().reserve(cap), ...);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @brief Returns the capacity of the pool for the given component.
     * @tparam Component Type of component in which one is interested.
     * @return Capacity of the pool of the given component.
     */
    template<typename Component>
    [[nodiscard]] size_type capacity() const {
        return assure<Component>().capacity();
    }

    /**
     * @brief Returns the number of entities that a registry has currently
     * allocated space for.
     * @return Capacity of the registry.
     */
    [[nodiscard]] size_type capacity() const ENTT_NOEXCEPT {
        return entities.capacity();
    }

    /**
     * @brief Requests the removal of unused capacity for the given components.
     * @tparam Component Types of components for which to reclaim unused
     * capacity.
     */
    template<typename... Component>
    void shrink_to_fit() {
        (assure<Component>().shrink_to_fit(), ...);
    }

    /**
     * @brief Checks whether the registry or the pools of the given components
     * are empty.
     *
     * A registry is considered empty when it doesn't contain entities that are
     * still in use.
     *
     * @tparam Component Types of components in which one is interested.
     * @return True if the registry or the pools of the given components are
     * empty, false otherwise.
     */
    template<typename... Component>
    [[nodiscard]] bool empty() const {
        if constexpr(sizeof...(Component) == 0) {
            return !alive();
        } else {
            return (assure<Component>().empty() && ...);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @brief Direct access to the list of components of a given pool.
     *
     * The returned pointer is such that range
     * `[raw<Component>(), raw<Component>() + size<Component>())` is always a
     * valid range, even if the container is empty.
     *
     * Components are in the reverse order as imposed by the sorting
     * functionalities.
     *
     * @note
     * Empty components aren't explicitly instantiated. Therefore, this function
     * isn't available for them. A compilation error will occur if invoked.
     *
     * @tparam Component Type of component in which one is interested.
     * @return A pointer to the array of components of the given type.
     */
    template<typename Component>
    [[nodiscard]] const Component * raw() const {
        return assure<Component>().raw();
    }

    /*! @copydoc raw */
    template<typename Component>
    [[nodiscard]] Component * raw() {
        return const_cast<Component *>(std::as_const(*this).template raw<Component>());
    }

    /**
     * @brief Direct access to the list of entities of a given pool.
     *
     * The returned pointer is such that range
     * `[data<Component>(), data<Component>() + size<Component>())` is always a
     * valid range, even if the container is empty.
     *
     * Entities are in the reverse order as imposed by the sorting
     * functionalities.
     *
     * @tparam Component Type of component in which one is interested.
     * @return A pointer to the array of entities.
     */
    template<typename Component>
    [[nodiscard]] const entity_type * data() const {
        return assure<Component>().data();
    }

    /**
     * @brief Direct access to the list of entities of a registry.
     *
     * The returned pointer is such that range `[data(), data() + size())` is
     * always a valid range, even if the container is empty.
     *
     * @warning
     * This list contains both valid and destroyed entities and isn't suitable
     * for direct use.
     *
     * @return A pointer to the array of entities.
     */
    [[nodiscard]] const entity_type * data() const ENTT_NOEXCEPT {
        return entities.data();
    }

    /**
     * @brief Checks if an entity identifier refers to a valid entity.
     * @param entity An entity identifier, either valid or not.
     * @return True if the identifier is valid, false otherwise.
     */
    [[nodiscard]] bool valid(const entity_type entity) const {
        const auto pos = size_type(to_integral(entity) & traits_type::entity_mask);
        return (pos < entities.size() && entities[pos] == entity);
    }

    /**
     * @brief Returns the entity identifier without the version.
     * @param entity An entity identifier, either valid or not.
     * @return The entity identifier without the version.
     */
    [[nodiscard]] static entity_type entity(const entity_type entity) ENTT_NOEXCEPT {
        return entity_type{to_integral(entity) & traits_type::entity_mask};
    }

    /**
     * @brief Returns the version stored along with an entity identifier.
     * @param entity An entity identifier, either valid or not.
     * @return The version stored along with the given entity identifier.
     */
    [[nodiscard]] static version_type version(const entity_type entity) ENTT_NOEXCEPT {
        return version_type(to_integral(entity) >> traits_type::entity_shift);
    }

    /**
     * @brief Returns the actual version for an entity identifier.
     *
     * @warning
     * Attempting to use an entity that doesn't belong to the registry results
     * in undefined behavior. An entity belongs to the registry even if it has
     * been previously destroyed and/or recycled.<br/>
     * An assertion will abort the execution at runtime in debug mode if the
     * registry doesn't own the given entity.
     *
     * @param entity A valid entity identifier.
     * @return Actual version for the given entity identifier.
     */
    [[nodiscard]] version_type current(const entity_type entity) const {
        const auto pos = size_type(to_integral(entity) & traits_type::entity_mask);
        ENTT_ASSERT(pos < entities.size());
        return version_type(to_integral(entities[pos]) >> traits_type::entity_shift);
    }

    /**
     * @brief Creates a new entity and returns it.
     *
     * There are two kinds of possible entity identifiers:
     *
     * * Newly created ones in case no entities have been previously destroyed.
     * * Recycled ones with updated versions.
     *
     * @return A valid entity identifier.
     */
    entity_type create() {
        return destroyed == null ? generate_identifier() : recycle_identifier();
    }

    /**
     * @brief Creates a new entity and returns it.
     *
     * @sa create
     *
     * If the requested entity isn't in use, the suggested identifier is created
     * and returned. Otherwise, a new one will be generated for this purpose.
     *
     * @param hint A desired entity identifier.
     * @return A valid entity identifier.
     */
    [[nodiscard]] entity_type create(const entity_type hint) {
        ENTT_ASSERT(hint != null);
        entity_type entt;

        if(const auto req = (to_integral(hint) & traits_type::entity_mask); !(req < entities.size())) {
            entities.reserve(req + 1);

            for(auto pos = entities.size(); pos < req; ++pos) {
                entities.emplace_back(destroyed);
                destroyed = entity_type{static_cast<typename traits_type::entity_type>(pos)};
            }

            entt = entities.emplace_back(hint);
        } else if(const auto curr = (to_integral(entities[req]) & traits_type::entity_mask); req == curr) {
            entt = create();
        } else {
            auto *it = &destroyed;
            for(; (to_integral(*it) & traits_type::entity_mask) != req; it = &entities[to_integral(*it) & traits_type::entity_mask]);
            *it = entity_type{curr | (to_integral(*it) & (traits_type::version_mask << traits_type::entity_shift))};
            entt = entities[req] = hint;
        }

        return entt;
    }

    /**
     * @brief Assigns each element in a range an entity.
     *
     * @sa create
     *
     * @tparam It Type of forward iterator.
     * @param first An iterator to the first element of the range to generate.
     * @param last An iterator past the last element of the range to generate.
     */
    template<typename It>
    void create(It first, It last) {
        for(; destroyed != null && first != last; ++first) {
            *first = recycle_identifier();
        }

        for(; first != last; ++first) {
            *first = generate_identifier();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @brief Assigns entities to an empty registry.
     *
     * This function is intended for use in conjunction with `raw`.<br/>
     * Don't try to inject ranges of randomly generated entities. There is no
     * guarantee that a registry will continue to work properly in this case.
     *
     * @warning
     * An assertion will abort the execution at runtime in debug mode if all
     * pools aren't empty.
     *
     * @tparam It Type of input iterator.
     * @param first An iterator to the first element of the range of entities.
     * @param last An iterator past the last element of the range of entities.
     */
    template<typename It>
    void assign(It first, It last) {
        ENTT_ASSERT(std::all_of(pools.cbegin(), pools.cend(), [](auto &&pdata) { return !pdata.pool || pdata.pool->empty(); }));
        entities.assign(first, last);
        destroyed = null;

        for(std::size_t pos{}, end = entities.size(); pos < end; ++pos) {
            if((to_integral(entities[pos]) & traits_type::entity_mask) != pos) {
                const auto version = to_integral(entities[pos]) & (traits_type::version_mask << traits_type::entity_shift);
                entities[pos] = entity_type{to_integral(destroyed) | version};
                destroyed = entity_type{static_cast<typename traits_type::entity_type>(pos)};
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @brief Destroys an entity.
     *
     * When an entity is destroyed, its version is updated and the identifier
     * can be recycled at any time.
     *
     * @sa remove_all
     *
     * @param entity A valid entity identifier.
     */
    void destroy(const entity_type entity) {
        destroy(entity, version_type((to_integral(entity) >> traits_type::entity_shift) + 1));
    }

    /**
     * @brief Destroys an entity.
     *
     * If the entity isn't already destroyed, the suggested version is used
     * instead of the implicitly generated one.
     *
     * @sa remove_all
     *
     * @param entity A valid entity identifier.
     * @param version A desired version upon destruction.
     */
    void destroy(const entity_type entity, const version_type version) {
        remove_all(entity);
        // lengthens the implicit list of destroyed entities
        const auto entt = to_integral(entity) & traits_type::entity_mask;
        entities[entt] = entity_type{to_integral(destroyed) | (typename traits_type::entity_type{version} << traits_type::entity_shift)};
        destroyed = entity_type{entt};
    }

    /**
     * @brief Destroys all the entities in a range.
     *
     * @sa destroy
     *
     * @tparam It Type of input iterator.
     * @param first An iterator to the first element of the range of entities.
     * @param last An iterator past the last element of the range of entities.
     */
    template<typename It>
    void destroy(It first, It last) {
        for(; first != last; ++first) {
            destroy(*first);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @brief Assigns the given component to an entity.
     *
     * A new instance of the given component is created and initialized with the
     * arguments provided (the component must have a proper constructor or be of
     * aggregate type). Then the component is assigned to the given entity.
     *
     * @warning
     * Attempting to use an invalid entity or to assign a component to an entity
     * that already owns it results in undefined behavior.<br/>
     * An assertion will abort the execution at runtime in debug mode in case of
     * invalid entity or if the entity already owns an instance of the given
     * component.
     *
     * @tparam Component Type of component to create.
     * @tparam Args Types of arguments to use to construct the component.
     * @param entity A valid entity identifier.
     * @param args Parameters to use to initialize the component.
     * @return A reference to the newly created component.
     */
    template<typename Component, typename... Args>
    decltype(auto) emplace(const entity_type entity, Args &&... args) {
        ENTT_ASSERT(valid(entity));
        return assure<Component>().emplace(*this, entity, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    }

    /**
     * @brief Assigns each entity in a range the given component.
     *
     * @sa emplace
     *
     * @tparam Component Type of component to create.
     * @tparam It Type of input iterator.
     * @param first An iterator to the first element of the range of entities.
     * @param last An iterator past the last element of the range of entities.
     * @param value An instance of the component to assign.
     */
    template<typename Component, typename It>
    void insert(It first, It last, const Component &value = {}) {
        ENTT_ASSERT(std::all_of(first, last, [this](const auto entity) { return valid(entity); }));
        assure<Component>().insert(*this, first, last, value);
    }

    /**
     * @brief Assigns each entity in a range the given components.
     *
     * @sa emplace
     *
     * @tparam Component Type of component to create.
     * @tparam EIt Type of input iterator.
     * @tparam CIt Type of input iterator.
     * @param first An iterator to the first element of the range of entities.
     * @param last An iterator past the last element of the range of entities.
     * @param from An iterator to the first element of the range of components.
     * @param to An iterator past the last element of the range of components.
     */
    template<typename Component, typename EIt, typename CIt>
    void insert(EIt first, EIt last, CIt from, CIt to) {
        static_assert(std::is_constructible_v<Component, typename std::iterator_traits<CIt>::value_type>, "Invalid value type");
        ENTT_ASSERT(std::all_of(first, last, [this](const auto entity) { return valid(entity); }));
        assure<Component>().insert(*this, first, last, from, to);
    }

    /**
     * @brief Assigns or replaces the given component for an entity.
     *
     * Equivalent to the following snippet (pseudocode):
     *
     * @code{.cpp}
     * auto &component = registry.has<Component>(entity) ? registry.replace<Component>(entity, args...) : registry.emplace<Component>(entity, args...);
     * @endcode
     *
     * Prefer this function anyway because it has slightly better performance.
     *
     * @warning
     * Attempting to use an invalid entity results in undefined behavior.<br/>
     * An assertion will abort the execution at runtime in debug mode in case of
     * invalid entity.
     *
     * @tparam Component Type of component to assign or replace.
     * @tparam Args Types of arguments to use to construct the component.
     * @param entity A valid entity identifier.
     * @param args Parameters to use to initialize the component.
     * @return A reference to the newly created component.
     */
    template<typename Component, typename... Args>
    decltype(auto) emplace_or_replace(const entity_type entity, Args &&... args) {
        ENTT_ASSERT(valid(entity));
        auto &cpool = assure<Component>();

        return cpool.contains(entity)
                ? cpool.replace(*this, entity, Component{std::forward<Args>(args)...})
                : cpool.emplace(*this, entity, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    }

    /**
     * @brief Patches the given component for an entity.
     *
     * The signature of the functions should be equivalent to the following:
     *
     * @code{.cpp}
     * void(Component &);
     * @endcode
     *
     * @note
     * Empty types aren't explicitly instantiated and therefore they are never
     * returned. However, this function can be used to trigger an update signal
     * for them.
     *
     * @warning
     * Attempting to use an invalid entity or to patch a component of an entity
     * that doesn't own it results in undefined behavior.<br/>
     * An assertion will abort the execution at runtime in debug mode in case of
     * invalid entity or if the entity doesn't own an instance of the given
     * component.
     *
     * @tparam Component Type of component to patch.
     * @tparam Func Types of the function objects to invoke.
     * @param entity A valid entity identifier.
     * @param func Valid function objects.
     * @return A reference to the patched component.
     */
    template<typename Component, typename... Func>
    decltype(auto) patch(const entity_type entity, Func &&... func) {
        ENTT_ASSERT(valid(entity));
        return assure<Component>().patch(*this, entity, std::forward<Func>(func)...);
    }

    /**
     * @brief Replaces the given component for an entity.
     *
     * A new instance of the given component is created and initialized with the
     * arguments provided (the component must have a proper constructor or be of
     * aggregate type). Then the component is assigned to the given entity.
     *
     * @warning
     * Attempting to use an invalid entity or to replace a component of an
     * entity that doesn't own it results in undefined behavior.<br/>
     * An assertion will abort the execution at runtime in debug mode in case of
     * invalid entity or if the entity doesn't own an instance of the given
     * component.
     *
     * @tparam Component Type of component to replace.
     * @tparam Args Types of arguments to use to construct the component.
     * @param entity A valid entity identifier.
     * @param args Parameters to use to initialize the component.
     * @return A reference to the component being replaced.
     */
    template<typename Component, typename... Args>
    decltype(auto) replace(const entity_type entity, Args &&... args) {
        return assure<Component>().replace(*this, entity, Component{std::forward<Args>(args)...});
    }

    /**
     * @brief Removes the given components from an entity.
     *
     * @warning
     * Attempting to use an invalid entity or to remove a component from an
     * entity that doesn't own it results in undefined behavior.<br/>
     * An assertion will abort the execution at runtime in debug mode in case of
     * invalid entity or if the entity doesn't own an instance of the given
     * component.
     *
     * @tparam Component Types of components to remove.
     * @param entity A valid entity identifier.
     */
    template<typename... Component>
    void remove(const entity_type entity) {
        ENTT_ASSERT(valid(entity));
        (assure<Component>().erase(*this, entity), ...);
    }

    /**
     * @brief Removes the given components from all the entities in a range.
     *
     * @see remove
     *
     * @tparam Component Types of components to remove.
     * @tparam It Type of input iterator.
     * @param first An iterator to the first element of the range of entities.
     * @param last An iterator past the last element of the range of entities.
     */
    template<typename... Component, typename It>
    void remove(It first, It last) {
        ENTT_ASSERT(std::all_of(first, last, [this](const auto entity) { return valid(entity); }));
        (assure<Component>().erase(*this, first, last), ...);
    }

    /**
     * @brief Removes the given components from an entity.
     *
     * Equivalent to the following snippet (pseudocode):
     *
     * @code{.cpp}
     * if(registry.has<Component>(entity)) { registry.remove<Component>(entity) }
     * @endcode
     *
     * Prefer this function anyway because it has slightly better performance.
     *
     * @warning
     * Attempting to use an invalid entity results in undefined behavior.<br/>
     * An assertion will abort the execution at runtime in debug mode in case of
     * invalid entity.
     *
     * @tparam Component Types of components to remove.
     * @param entity A valid entity identifier.
     * @return The number of components actually removed.
     */
    template<typename... Component>
    size_type remove_if_exists(const entity_type entity) {
        ENTT_ASSERT(valid(entity));

        return ([this, entity](auto &&cpool) {
            return cpool.contains(entity) ? (cpool.erase(*this, entity), true) : false;
        }(assure<Component>()) + ... + size_type{});
    }

    /**
     * @brief Removes all the components from an entity and makes it orphaned.
     *
     * @warning
     * In case there are listeners that observe the destruction of components
     * and assign other components to the entity in their bodies, the result of
     * invoking this function may not be as expected. In the worst case, it
     * could lead to undefined behavior.
     *
     * @warning
     * Attempting to use an invalid entity results in undefined behavior.<br/>
     * An assertion will abort the execution at runtime in debug mode in case of
     * invalid entity.
     *
     * @param entity A valid entity identifier.
     */
    void remove_all(const entity_type entity) {
        ENTT_ASSERT(valid(entity));

        for(auto pos = pools.size(); pos; --pos) {
            if(auto &pdata = pools[pos-1]; pdata.pool && pdata.pool->contains(entity)) {
                pdata.erase(*pdata.pool, *this, entity);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @brief Checks if an entity has all the given components.
     *
     * @warning
     * Attempting to use an invalid entity results in undefined behavior.<br/>
     * An assertion will abort the execution at runtime in debug mode in case of
     * invalid entity.
     *
     * @tparam Component Components for which to perform the check.
     * @param entity A valid entity identifier.
     * @return True if the entity has all the components, false otherwise.
     */
    template<typename... Component>
    [[nodiscard]] bool has(const entity_type entity) const {
        ENTT_ASSERT(valid(entity));
        return (assure<Component>().contains(entity) && ...);
    }

    /**
     * @brief Checks if an entity has at least one of the given components.
     *
     * @warning
     * Attempting to use an invalid entity results in undefined behavior.<br/>
     * An assertion will abort the execution at runtime in debug mode in case of
     * invalid entity.
     *
     * @tparam Component Components for which to perform the check.
     * @param entity A valid entity identifier.
     * @return True if the entity has at least one of the given components,
     * false otherwise.
     */
    template<typename... Component>
    [[nodiscard]] bool any(const entity_type entity) const {
        ENTT_ASSERT(valid(entity));
        return (assure<Component>().contains(entity) || ...);
    }

    /**
     * @brief Returns references to the given components for an entity.
     *
     * @warning
     * Attempting to use an invalid entity or to get a component from an entity
     * that doesn't own it results in undefined behavior.<br/>
     * An assertion will abort the execution at runtime in debug mode in case of
     * invalid entity or if the entity doesn't own an instance of the given
     * component.
     *
     * @tparam Component Types of components to get.
     * @param entity A valid entity identifier.
     * @return References to the components owned by the entity.
     */
    template<typename... Component>
    [[nodiscard]] decltype(auto) get([[maybe_unused]] const entity_type entity) const {
        ENTT_ASSERT(valid(entity));

        if constexpr(sizeof...(Component) == 1) {
            return (assure<Component>().get(entity), ...);
        } else {
            return std::forward_as_tuple(get<Component>(entity)...);
        }
    }

    /*! @copydoc get */
    template<typename... Component>
    [[nodiscard]] decltype(auto) get([[maybe_unused]] const entity_type entity) {
        ENTT_ASSERT(valid(entity));

        if constexpr(sizeof...(Component) == 1) {
            return (assure<Component>().get(entity), ...);
        } else {
            return std::forward_as_tuple(get<Component>(entity)...);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @brief Returns a reference to the given component for an entity.
     *
     * In case the entity doesn't own the component, the parameters provided are
     * used to construct it.<br/>
     * Equivalent to the following snippet (pseudocode):
     *
     * @code{.cpp}
     * auto &component = registry.has<Component>(entity) ? registry.get<Component>(entity) : registry.emplace<Component>(entity, args...);
     * @endcode
     *
     * Prefer this function anyway because it has slightly better performance.
     *
     * @warning
     * Attempting to use an invalid entity results in undefined behavior.<br/>
     * An assertion will abort the execution at runtime in debug mode in case of
     * invalid entity.
     *
     * @tparam Component Type of component to get.
     * @tparam Args Types of arguments to use to construct the component.
     * @param entity A valid entity identifier.
     * @param args Parameters to use to initialize the component.
     * @return Reference to the component owned by the entity.
     */
    template<typename Component, typename... Args>
    [[nodiscard]] decltype(auto) get_or_emplace(const entity_type entity, Args &&... args) {
        ENTT_ASSERT(valid(entity));
        auto &cpool = assure<Component>();
        return cpool.contains(entity) ? cpool.get(entity) : cpool.emplace(*this, entity, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    }

    /**
     * @brief Returns pointers to the given components for an entity.
     *
     * @warning
     * Attempting to use an invalid entity results in undefined behavior.<br/>
     * An assertion will abort the execution at runtime in debug mode in case of
     * invalid entity.
     *
     * @tparam Component Types of components to get.
     * @param entity A valid entity identifier.
     * @return Pointers to the components owned by the entity.
     */
    template<typename... Component>
    [[nodiscard]] auto try_get([[maybe_unused]] const entity_type entity) const {
        ENTT_ASSERT(valid(entity));

        if constexpr(sizeof...(Component) == 1) {
            return (assure<Component>().try_get(entity), ...);
        } else {
            return std::make_tuple(try_get<Component>(entity)...);
        }
    }

    /*! @copydoc try_get */
    template<typename... Component>
    [[nodiscard]] auto try_get([[maybe_unused]] const entity_type entity) {
        ENTT_ASSERT(valid(entity));

        if constexpr(sizeof...(Component) == 1) {
            return (assure<Component>().try_get(entity), ...);
        } else {
            return std::make_tuple(try_get<Component>(entity)...);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @brief Clears a whole registry or the pools for the given components.
     * @tparam Component Types of components to remove from their entities.
     */
    template<typename... Component>
    void clear() {
        if constexpr(sizeof...(Component) == 0) {
            // useless this-> used to suppress a warning with clang
            each([this](const auto entity) { this->destroy(entity); });
        } else {
            ([this](auto &&cpool) {
                cpool.erase(*this, cpool.sparse_set<entity_type>::begin(), cpool.sparse_set<entity_type>::end());
            }(assure<Component>()), ...);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @brief Iterates all the entities that are still in use.
     *
     * The function object is invoked for each entity that is still in use.<br/>
     * The signature of the function should be equivalent to the following:
     *
     * @code{.cpp}
     * void(const Entity);
     * @endcode
     *
     * This function is fairly slow and should not be used frequently. However,
     * it's useful for iterating all the entities still in use, regardless of
     * their components.
     *
     * @tparam Func Type of the function object to invoke.
     * @param func A valid function object.
     */
    template<typename Func>
    void each(Func func) const {
        if(destroyed == null) {
            for(auto pos = entities.size(); pos; --pos) {
                func(entities[pos-1]);
            }
        } else {
            for(auto pos = entities.size(); pos; --pos) {
                if(const auto entt = entities[pos - 1]; (to_integral(entt) & traits_type::entity_mask) == (pos - 1)) {
                    func(entt);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @brief Checks if an entity has components assigned.
     * @param entity A valid entity identifier.
     * @return True if the entity has no components assigned, false otherwise.
     */
    [[nodiscard]] bool orphan(const entity_type entity) const {
        ENTT_ASSERT(valid(entity));
        return std::none_of(pools.cbegin(), pools.cend(), [entity](auto &&pdata) { return pdata.pool && pdata.pool->contains(entity); });
    }

    /**
     * @brief Iterates orphans and applies them the given function object.
     *
     * The function object is invoked for each entity that is still in use and
     * has no components assigned.<br/>
     * The signature of the function should be equivalent to the following:
     *
     * @code{.cpp}
     * void(const Entity);
     * @endcode
     *
     * This function can be very slow and should not be used frequently.
     *
     * @tparam Func Type of the function object to invoke.
     * @param func A valid function object.
     */
    template<typename Func>
    void orphans(Func func) const {
        each([this, &func](const auto entity) {
            if(orphan(entity)) {
                func(entity);
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * @brief Returns a sink object for the given component.
     *
     * The sink returned by this function can be used to receive notifications
     * whenever a new instance of the given component is created and assigned to
     * an entity.<br/>
     * The function type for a listener is equivalent to:
     *
     * @code{.cpp}
     * void(basic_registry<Entity> &, Entity);
     * @endcode
     *
     * Listeners are invoked **after** the component has been assigned to the
     * entity.
     *
     * @sa sink
     *
     * @tparam Component Type of component of which to get the sink.
     * @return A temporary sink object.
     */
    template<typename Component>
    [[nodiscard]] auto on_construct() {
        return assure<Component>().on_construct();
    }

    /**
     * @brief Returns a sink object for the given component.
     *
     * The sink returned by this function can be used to receive notifications
     * whenever an instance of the given component is explicitly updated.<br/>
     * The function type for a listener is equivalent to:
     *
     * @code{.cpp}
     * void(basic_registry<Entity> &, Entity);
     * @endcode
     *
     * Listeners are invoked **after** the component has been updated.
     *
     * @sa sink
     *
     * @tparam Component Type of component of which to get the sink.
     * @return A temporary sink object.
     */
    template<typename Component>
    [[nodiscard]] auto on_update() {
        return assure<Component>().on_update();
    }

    /**
     * @brief Returns a sink object for the given component.
     *
     * The sink returned by this function can be used to receive notifications
     * whenever an instance of the given component is removed from an entity and
     * thus destroyed.<br/>
     * The function type for a listener is equivalent to:
     *
     * @code{.cpp}
     * void(basic_registry<Entity> &, Entity);
     * @endcode
     *
     * Listeners are invoked **before** the component has been removed from the
     * entity.
     *
     * @sa sink
     *
     * @tparam Component Type of component of which to get the sink.
     * @return A temporary sink object.
     */
    template<typename Component>
    [[nodiscard]] auto on_destroy() {
        return assure<Component>().on_destroy();
    }

    /**
     * @brief Returns a view for the given components.
     *
     * This kind of objects are created on the fly and share with the registry
     * its internal data structures.<br/>
     * Feel free to discard a view after the use. Creating and destroying a view
     * is an incredibly cheap operation because they do not require any type of
     * initialization.<br/>
     * As a rule of thumb, storing a view should never be an option.
     *
     * Views do their best to iterate the smallest set of candidate entities.
     * In particular:
     *
     * * Single component views are incredibly fast and iterate a packed array
     *   of entities, all of which has the given component.
     * * Multi component views look at the number of entities available for each
     *   component and pick up a reference to the smallest set of candidates to
     *   test for the given components.
     *
     * Views in no way affect the functionalities of the registry nor those of
     * the underlying pools.
     *
     * @note
     * Multi component views are pretty fast. However their performance tend to
     * degenerate when the number of components to iterate grows up and the most
     * of the entities have all the given components.<br/>
     * To get a performance boost, consider using a group instead.
     *
     * @tparam Component Type of components used to construct the view.
     * @tparam Exclude Types of components used to filter the view.
     * @return A newly created view.
     */
    template<typename... Component, typename... Exclude>
    [[nodiscard]] basic_view<Entity, exclude_t<Exclude...>, Component...> view(exclude_t<Exclude...> = {}) const {
        static_assert(sizeof...(Component) > 0, "Exclusion-only views are not supported");
        return { assure<std::decay_t<Component>>()..., assure<Exclude>()... };
    }

    /*! @copydoc view */
    template<typename... Component, typename... Exclude>
    [[nodiscard]] basic_view<Entity, exclude_t<Exclude...>, Component...> view(exclude_t<Exclude...> = {}) {
        static_assert(sizeof...(Component) > 0, "Exclusion-only views are not supported");
        return { assure<std::decay_t<Component>>()..., assure<Exclude>()... };
    }

    /**
     * @brief Returns a runtime view for the given components.
     *
     * This kind of objects are created on the fly and share with the registry
     * its internal data structures.<br/>
     * Users should throw away the view after use. Fortunately, creating and
     * destroying a runtime view is an incredibly cheap operation because they
     * do not require any type of initialization.<br/>
     * As a rule of thumb, storing a view should never be an option.
     *
     * Runtime views are to be used when users want to construct a view from
     * some external inputs and don't know at compile-time what are the required
     * components.
     *
     * @tparam ItComp Type of input iterator for the components to use to
     * construct the view.
     * @tparam ItExcl Type of input iterator for the components to use to filter
     * the view.
     * @param first An iterator to the first element of the range of components
     * to use to construct the view.
     * @param last An iterator past the last element of the range of components
     * to use to construct the view.
     * @param from An iterator to the first element of the range of components
     * to use to filter the view.
     * @param to An iterator past the last element of the range of components to
     * use to filter the view.
     * @return A newly created runtime view.
     */
    template<typename ItComp, typename ItExcl = id_type *>
    [[nodiscard]] basic_runtime_view<Entity> runtime_view(ItComp first, ItComp last, ItExcl from = {}, ItExcl to = {}) const {
        std::vector<const sparse_set<Entity> *> component(std::distance(first, last));
        std::vector<const sparse_set<Entity> *> filter(std::distance(from, to));

        std::transform(first, last, component.begin(), [this](const auto ctype) {
            const auto it = std::find_if(pools.cbegin(), pools.cend(), [ctype](auto &&pdata) { return pdata.pool && pdata.type_id == ctype; });
            return it == pools.cend() ? nullptr : it->pool.get();
        });

        std::transform(from, to, filter.begin(), [this](const auto ctype) {
            const auto it = std::find_if(pools.cbegin(), pools.cend(), [ctype](auto &&pdata) { return pdata.pool && pdata.type_id == ctype; });
            return it == pools.cend() ? nullptr : it->pool.get();
        });

        return { std::move(component), std::move(filter) };
    }

    /**
     * @brief Returns a group for the given components.
     *
     * This kind of objects are created on the fly and share with the registry
     * its internal data structures.<br/>
     * Feel free to discard a group after the use. Creating and destroying a
     * group is an incredibly cheap operation because they do not require any
     * type of initialization, but for the first time they are requested.<br/>
     * As a rule of thumb, storing a group should never be an option.
     *
     * Groups support exclusion lists and can own types of components. The more
     * types are owned by a group, the faster it is to iterate entities and
     * components.<br/>
     * However, groups also affect some features of the registry such as the
     * creation and destruction of components, which will consequently be
     * slightly slower (nothing that can be noticed in most cases).
     *
     * @note
     * Pools of components that are owned by a group cannot be sorted anymore.
     * The group takes the ownership of the pools and arrange components so as
     * to iterate them as fast as possible.
     *
     * @tparam Owned Types of components owned by the group.
     * @tparam Get Types of components observed by the group.
     * @tparam Exclude Types of components used to filter the group.
     * @return A newly created group.
     */
    template<typename... Owned, typename... Get, typename... Exclude>
    [[nodiscard]] basic_group<Entity, exclude_t<Exclude...>, get_t<Get...>, Owned...> group(get_t<Get...>, exclude_t<Exclude...> = {}) {
        static_assert(sizeof...(Owned) + sizeof...(Get) > 0, "Exclusion-only views are not supported");
        static_assert(sizeof...(Owned) + sizeof...(Get) + sizeof...(Exclude) > 1, "Single component groups are not allowed");

        using handler_type = group_handler<exclude_t<Exclude...>, get_t<std::decay_t<Get>...>, std::decay_t<Owned>...>;

        const auto cpools = std::forward_as_tuple(assure<std::decay_t<Owned>>()..., assure<std::decay_t<Get>>()...);
        constexpr auto size = sizeof...(Owned) + sizeof...(Get) + sizeof...(Exclude);
        handler_type *handler = nullptr;

        if(auto it = std::find_if(groups.cbegin(), groups.cend(), [size](const auto &gdata) {
            return gdata.size == size
                && (gdata.owned(type_info<std::decay_t<Owned>>::id()) && ...)
                && (gdata.get(type_info<std::decay_t<Get>>::id()) && ...)
                && (gdata.exclude(type_info<Exclude>::id()) && ...);
        }); it != groups.cend())
        {
            handler = static_cast<handler_type *>(it->group.get());
        }

        if(!handler) {
            group_data candidate = {
                size,
                { new handler_type{}, [](void *instance) { delete static_cast<handler_type *>(instance); } },
                []([[maybe_unused]] const id_type ctype) ENTT_NOEXCEPT { return ((ctype == type_info<std::decay_t<Owned>>::id()) || ...); },
                []([[maybe_unused]] const id_type ctype) ENTT_NOEXCEPT { return ((ctype == type_info<std::decay_t<Get>>::id()) || ...); },
                []([[maybe_unused]] const id_type ctype) ENTT_NOEXCEPT { return ((ctype == type_info<Exclude>::id()) || ...); },
            };

            handler = static_cast<handler_type *>(candidate.group.get());

            const void *maybe_valid_if = nullptr;
            const void *discard_if = nullptr;

            if constexpr(sizeof...(Owned) == 0) {
                groups.push_back(std::move(candidate));
            } else {
                ENTT_ASSERT(std::all_of(groups.cbegin(), groups.cend(), [size](const auto &gdata) {
                    const auto overlapping = (0u + ... + gdata.owned(type_info<std::decay_t<Owned>>::id()));
                    const auto sz = overlapping + (0u + ... + gdata.get(type_info<std::decay_t<Get>>::id())) + (0u + ... + gdata.exclude(type_info<Exclude>::id()));
                    return !overlapping || ((sz == size) || (sz == gdata.size));
                }));

                const auto next = std::find_if_not(groups.cbegin(), groups.cend(), [size](const auto &gdata) {
                    return !(0u + ... + gdata.owned(type_info<std::decay_t<Owned>>::id())) || (size > gdata.size);
                });

                const auto prev = std::find_if(std::make_reverse_iterator(next), groups.crend(), [](const auto &gdata) {
                    return (0u + ... + gdata.owned(type_info<std::decay_t<Owned>>::id()));
                });

                maybe_valid_if = (next == groups.cend() ? maybe_valid_if : next->group.get());
                discard_if = (prev == groups.crend() ? discard_if : prev->group.get());
                groups.insert(next, std::move(candidate));
            }

            (on_construct<std::decay_t<Owned>>().before(maybe_valid_if).template connect<&handler_type::template maybe_valid_if<std::decay_t<Owned>>>(*handler), ...);
            (on_construct<std::decay_t<Get>>().before(maybe_valid_if).template connect<&handler_type::template maybe_valid_if<std::decay_t<Get>>>(*handler), ...);
            (on_destroy<Exclude>().before(maybe_valid_if).template connect<&handler_type::template maybe_valid_if<Exclude>>(*handler), ...);

            (on_destroy<std::decay_t<Owned>>().before(discard_if).template connect<&handler_type::discard_if>(*handler), ...);
            (on_destroy<std::decay_t<Get>>().before(discard_if).template connect<&handler_type::discard_if>(*handler), ...);
            (on_construct<Exclude>().before(discard_if).template connect<&handler_type::discard_if>(*handler), ...);

            if constexpr(sizeof...(Owned) == 0) {
                for(const auto entity: view<Owned..., Get...>(exclude<Exclude...>)) {
                    handler->current.emplace(entity);
                }
            } else {
                // we cannot iterate backwards because we want to leave behind valid entities in case of owned types
                for(auto *first = std::get<0>(cpools).data(), *last = first + std::get<0>(cpools).size(); first != last; ++first) {
                    handler->template maybe_valid_if<std::tuple_element_t<0, std::tuple<std::decay_t<Owned>...>>>(*this, *first);
                }
            }
        }

        if constexpr(sizeof...(Owned) == 0) {
            return { handler->current, std::get<pool_t<Entity, std::decay_t<Get>> &>(cpools)... };
        } else {
            return { handler->current, std::get<pool_t<Entity, std::decay_t<Owned>> &>(cpools)... , std::get<pool_t<Entity, std::decay_t<Get>> &>(cpools)... };
        }
    }

    /**
     * @brief Returns a group for the given components.
     *
     * @sa group
     *
     * @tparam Owned Types of components owned by the group.
     * @tparam Get Types of components observed by the group.
     * @tparam Exclude Types of components used to filter the group.
     * @return A newly created group.
     */
    template<typename... Owned, typename... Get, typename... Exclude>
    [[nodiscard]] basic_group<Entity, exclude_t<Exclude...>, get_t<Get...>, Owned...> group(get_t<Get...>, exclude_t<Exclude...> = {}) const {
        static_assert(std::conjunction_v<std::is_const<Owned>..., std::is_const<Get>...>, "Invalid non-const type");
        return const_cast<basic_registry *>(this)->group<Owned...>(get_t<Get...>{}, exclude<Exclude...>);
    }

    /**
     * @brief Returns a group for the given components.
     *
     * @sa group
     *
     * @tparam Owned Types of components owned by the group.
     * @tparam Exclude Types of components used to filter the group.
     * @return A newly created group.
     */
    template<typename... Owned, typename... Exclude>
    [[nodiscard]] basic_group<Entity, exclude_t<Exclude...>, get_t<>, Owned...> group(exclude_t<Exclude...> = {}) {
        return group<Owned...>(get_t<>{}, exclude<Exclude...>);
    }

    /**
     * @brief Returns a group for the given components.
     *
     * @sa group
     *
     * @tparam Owned Types of components owned by the group.
     * @tparam Exclude Types of components used to filter the group.
     * @return A newly created group.
     */
    template<typename... Owned, typename... Exclude>
    [[nodiscard]] basic_group<Entity, exclude_t<Exclude...>, get_t<>, Owned...> group(exclude_t<Exclude...> = {}) const {
        static_assert(std::conjunction_v<std::is_const<Owned>...>, "Invalid non-const type");
        return const_cast<basic_registry *>(this)->group<Owned...>(exclude<Exclude...>);
    }

    /**
     * @brief Checks whether the given components belong to any group.
     * @tparam Component Types of components in which one is interested.
     * @return True if the pools of the given components are sortable, false
     * otherwise.
     */
    template<typename... Component>
    [[nodiscard]] bool sortable() const {
        return std::none_of(groups.cbegin(), groups.cend(), [](auto &&gdata) { return (gdata.owned(type_info<std::decay_t<Component>>::id()) || ...); });
    }

    /**
     * @brief Checks whether a group can be sorted.
     * @tparam Owned Types of components owned by the group.
     * @tparam Get Types of components observed by the group.
     * @tparam Exclude Types of components used to filter the group.
     * @return True if the group can be sorted, false otherwise.
     */
    template<typename... Owned, typename... Get, typename... Exclude>
    [[nodiscard]] bool sortable(const basic_group<Entity, exclude_t<Exclude...>, get_t<Get...>, Owned...> &) ENTT_NOEXCEPT {
        constexpr auto size = sizeof...(Owned) + sizeof...(Get) + sizeof...(Exclude);
        return std::find_if(groups.cbegin(), groups.cend(), [size](const auto &gdata) {
            return (0u + ... + gdata.owned(type_info<std::decay_t<Owned>>::id())) && (size < gdata.size);
        }) == groups.cend();
    }

    /**
     * @brief Sorts the pool of entities for the given component.
     *
     * The order of the elements in a pool is highly affected by assignments
     * of components to entities and deletions. Components are arranged to
     * maximize the performance during iterations and users should not make any
     * assumption on the order.<br/>
     * This function can be used to impose an order to the elements in the pool
     * of the given component. The order is kept valid until a component of the
     * given type is assigned or removed from an entity.
     *
     * The comparison function object must return `true` if the first element
     * is _less_ than the second one, `false` otherwise. The signature of the
     * comparison function should be equivalent to one of the following:
     *
     * @code{.cpp}
     * bool(const Entity, const Entity);
     * bool(const Component &, const Component &);
     * @endcode
     *
     * Moreover, the comparison function object shall induce a
     * _strict weak ordering_ on the values.
     *
     * The sort function oject must offer a member function template
     * `operator()` that accepts three arguments:
     *
     * * An iterator to the first element of the range to sort.
     * * An iterator past the last element of the range to sort.
     * * A comparison function to use to compare the elements.
     *
     * The comparison funtion object received by the sort function object hasn't
     * necessarily the type of the one passed along with the other parameters to
     * this member function.
     *
     * @warning
     * Pools of components owned by a group cannot be sorted.<br/>
     * An assertion will abort the execution at runtime in debug mode in case
     * the pool is owned by a group.
     *
     * @tparam Component Type of components to sort.
     * @tparam Compare Type of comparison function object.
     * @tparam Sort Type of sort function object.
     * @tparam Args Types of arguments to forward to the sort function object.
     * @param compare A valid comparison function object.
     * @param algo A valid sort function object.
     * @param args Arguments to forward to the sort function object, if any.
     */
    template<typename Component, typename Compare, typename Sort = std_sort, typename... Args>
    void sort(Compare compare, Sort algo = Sort{}, Args &&... args) {
        ENTT_ASSERT(sortable<Component>());
        auto &cpool = assure<Component>();
        cpool.sort(cpool.begin(), cpool.end(), std::move(compare), std::move(algo), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    }

    /**
     * @brief Sorts two pools of components in the same way.
     *
     * The order of the elements in a pool is highly affected by assignments
     * of components to entities and deletions. Components are arranged to
     * maximize the performance during iterations and users should not make any
     * assumption on the order.
     *
     * It happens that different pools of components must be sorted the same way
     * because of runtime and/or performance constraints. This function can be
     * used to order a pool of components according to the order between the
     * entities in another pool of components.
     *
     * @b How @b it @b works
     *
     * Being `A` and `B` the two sets where `B` is the master (the one the order
     * of which rules) and `A` is the slave (the one to sort), after a call to
     * this function an iterator for `A` will return the entities according to
     * the following rules:
     *
     * * All the entities in `A` that are also in `B` are returned first
     *   according to the order they have in `B`.
     * * All the entities in `A` that are not in `B` are returned in no
     *   particular order after all the other entities.
     *
     * Any subsequent change to `B` won't affect the order in `A`.
     *
     * @warning
     * Pools of components owned by a group cannot be sorted.<br/>
     * An assertion will abort the execution at runtime in debug mode in case
     * the pool is owned by a group.
     *
     * @tparam To Type of components to sort.
     * @tparam From Type of components to use to sort.
     */
    template<typename To, typename From>
    void sort() {
        ENTT_ASSERT(sortable<To>());
        assure<To>().respect(assure<From>());
    }

    /**
     * @brief Visits an entity and returns the types for its components.
     *
     * The signature of the function should be equivalent to the following:
     *
     * @code{.cpp}
     * void(const id_type);
     * @endcode
     *
     * Returned identifiers are those of the components owned by the entity.
     *
     * @sa type_info
     *
     * @warning
     * It's not specified whether a component attached to or removed from the
     * given entity during the visit is returned or not to the caller.
     *
     * @tparam Func Type of the function object to invoke.
     * @param entity A valid entity identifier.
     * @param func A valid function object.
     */
    template<typename Func>
    void visit(entity_type entity, Func func) const {
        for(auto pos = pools.size(); pos; --pos) {
            if(const auto &pdata = pools[pos-1]; pdata.pool && pdata.pool->contains(entity)) {
                func(pdata.type_id);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @brief Visits a registry and returns the types for its components.
     *
     * The signature of the function should be equivalent to the following:
     *
     * @code{.cpp}
     * void(const id_type);
     * @endcode
     *
     * Returned identifiers are those of the components managed by the registry.
     *
     * @sa type_info
     *
     * @warning
     * It's not specified whether a component for which a pool is created during
     * the visit is returned or not to the caller.
     *
     * @tparam Func Type of the function object to invoke.
     * @param func A valid function object.
     */
    template<typename Func>
    void visit(Func func) const {
        for(auto pos = pools.size(); pos; --pos) {
            if(const auto &pdata = pools[pos-1]; pdata.pool) {
                func(pdata.type_id);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @brief Binds an object to the context of the registry.
     *
     * If the value already exists it is overwritten, otherwise a new instance
     * of the given type is created and initialized with the arguments provided.
     *
     * @tparam Type Type of object to set.
     * @tparam Args Types of arguments to use to construct the object.
     * @param args Parameters to use to initialize the value.
     * @return A reference to the newly created object.
     */
    template<typename Type, typename... Args>
    Type & set(Args &&... args) {
        unset<Type>();
        vars.push_back(variable_data{type_info<Type>::id(), { new Type{std::forward<Args>(args)...}, [](void *instance) { delete static_cast<Type *>(instance); } }});
        return *static_cast<Type *>(vars.back().value.get());
    }

    /**
     * @brief Unsets a context variable if it exists.
     * @tparam Type Type of object to set.
     */
    template<typename Type>
    void unset() {
        vars.erase(std::remove_if(vars.begin(), vars.end(), [](auto &&var) {
            return var.type_id == type_info<Type>::id();
        }), vars.end());
    }

    /**
     * @brief Binds an object to the context of the registry.
     *
     * In case the context doesn't contain the given object, the parameters
     * provided are used to construct it.
     *
     * @tparam Type Type of object to set.
     * @tparam Args Types of arguments to use to construct the object.
     * @param args Parameters to use to initialize the object.
     * @return A reference to the object in the context of the registry.
     */
    template<typename Type, typename... Args>
    [[nodiscard]] Type & ctx_or_set(Args &&... args) {
        auto *value = try_ctx<Type>();
        return value ? *value : set<Type>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    }

    /**
     * @brief Returns a pointer to an object in the context of the registry.
     * @tparam Type Type of object to get.
     * @return A pointer to the object if it exists in the context of the
     * registry, a null pointer otherwise.
     */
    template<typename Type>
    [[nodiscard]] const Type * try_ctx() const {
        auto it = std::find_if(vars.cbegin(), vars.cend(), [](auto &&var) { return var.type_id == type_info<Type>::id(); });
        return it == vars.cend() ? nullptr : static_cast<const Type *>(it->value.get());
    }

    /*! @copydoc try_ctx */
    template<typename Type>
    [[nodiscard]] Type * try_ctx() {
        return const_cast<Type *>(std::as_const(*this).template try_ctx<Type>());
    }

    /**
     * @brief Returns a reference to an object in the context of the registry.
     *
     * @warning
     * Attempting to get a context variable that doesn't exist results in
     * undefined behavior.<br/>
     * An assertion will abort the execution at runtime in debug mode in case of
     * invalid requests.
     *
     * @tparam Type Type of object to get.
     * @return A valid reference to the object in the context of the registry.
     */
    template<typename Type>
    [[nodiscard]] const Type & ctx() const {
        const auto *instance = try_ctx<Type>();
        ENTT_ASSERT(instance);
        return *instance;
    }

    /*! @copydoc ctx */
    template<typename Type>
    [[nodiscard]] Type & ctx() {
        return const_cast<Type &>(std::as_const(*this).template ctx<Type>());
    }

    /**
     * @brief Visits a registry and returns the types for its context variables.
     *
     * The signature of the function should be equivalent to the following:
     *
     * @code{.cpp}
     * void(const id_type);
     * @endcode
     *
     * Returned identifiers are those of the context variables currently set.
     *
     * @sa type_info
     *
     * @warning
     * It's not specified whether a context variable created during the visit is
     * returned or not to the caller.
     *
     * @tparam Func Type of the function object to invoke.
     * @param func A valid function object.
     */
    template<typename Func>
    void ctx(Func func) const {
        for(auto pos = vars.size(); pos; --pos) {
            func(vars[pos-1].type_id);
        }
    }

private:
    std::vector<group_data> groups{};
    mutable std::vector<pool_data> pools{};
    std::vector<entity_type> entities{};
    std::vector<variable_data> vars{};
    entity_type destroyed{null};
};

---

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